Tower Evaporation Rate

C x ∆T/1000

C = tower recirculation rate in the units of pounds of water per minute

T = temperature difference across the cooling tower in degrees Fahrenheit

Cooling Tower Blow Down Rate

[Windage Rate x (Cycles of Concentration -1) - Tower Evaporation Rate] / (1- Cycles of Concentration)

Cycles of Concentration = conductivity or chloride level in the cooling tower blowdown/ conductivity or chloride level in the cooling tower makeup water

Boiler Make Up

Boiler Steam Rate - Condensate Return +  Boiler Blow Down

Boiler Blow Down

Range of 4 to 8 % of Boiler Makeup